By increasing the voltage between Beznau (AG) and Mettlen (LU) from 220 to 380 kilovolts, Swissgrid is securing the energy distribution and security of supply in the metropolitan area of Zurich, Central Switzerland and the Swiss Central Plateau. The new construction of the approx. 6.5-kilometre Rüfenach – Habsburg section is the last part of the line between Beznau and Birr that has not yet been expanded.
The project includes a first for Swissgrid: At Gäbihübel near Bözberg/Riniken, Swissgrid is laying a long section of an extra-high-voltage line underground for the first time. Transition structures will be built at both ends of the 1.3-kilometre section in order to connect the underground cable and overhead line. 5.2 kilometres of new overhead lines connect the underground cabled section to the route of the current line.
After the cabling at Gäbihübel is commissioned, the entire overhead line between Rüfenach and Habsburg will be dismantled. As a result, the burden on the residential areas of Neu-Riniken and Hafen will be noticeably eased. Swissgrid considered the landscape as much as possible when positioning the two transition structures and the new section of overhead line.
At «Gäbihübel», the effects that cabling a long section of extra-high-voltage line has on the landscape and environment, the costs that result from this and the challenges presented in construction, operation and maintenance, will be visible for the first time. Swissgrid will provide scientific support for the project. In addition, since the middle of 2019, the Bözberg visitor centre has transparently and objectively shown the public the opportunities and challenges presented by underground cabling.
The costs for the entire project amount to around CHF 34 million.
The project consists of the 1.3-km cable route, the northern and southern transition structures and 5.2 km of overhead line connections from pylon 20 in Rüfenach to pylon 30 in Krähtal and to the northern transition structure, as well as from the southern transition structure from pylon 32 in Villnachern to pylon 237 in Habsburg.
To connect the underground cabling with the overhead line connections, transition structures will be built to the north and to the south of «Gäbihübel». They each require an area the size of an ice hockey rink and are around 25 metres high.
Swissgrid optimised the locations of the two transition structures during the course of the project. The northern transition structure in the «Pfaffenfirst» region has been positioned so that it is concealed as much as possible by the surrounding forest. The forest clearance and reforestation work required for this has already been completed. The southern transition structure will be built in the «Untere Stockacher» region, directly below the SBB Bözberg route, in order to protect the scenery as much as possible and to combine the emissions from rail and transmission line infrastructures.
For the excavation and construction works required to lay the high-voltage line under the ground, a 25-metre-wide route must be created along the length of the cable. The approx. 5-metre-wide cable trench will be excavated in the centre of this. To do this, around 30,000 m3 of excavated material will be added and removed in Bözberg and around 25,000 m3 in Villnachern. Then the two 1.5-metre-wide conduit blocks will be recessed into the ground. In a subsequent step, six cables will be installed in each conduit block. This is a logistically challenging task, as underground cables are significantly heavier than overhead lines as a result of their much thicker insulation. Finally, the two conduit blocks will be covered with around one metre of earth. The route will then be renaturalised, apart from a 4.5-metre-wide strip over the two conduit blocks.
In summer 2019, the 380-kilovolt underground cables manufactured by Brugg Cables were installed in the cable conduits. Each of the twelve cables weighs around 40 tonnes together with the cable reel. In July and August 2020, the cable reels were brought from Brugg to the northern transition structure by heavy load transporter in twelve trips. Then they were unloaded and installed in the cable conduits.
| Overall project | 6.5 km line, consisting of 5.2 km overhead line and 1.3 km underground cable |
| Voltage level | 380 and 220 kV |
| Number of underground cables | 12 |
| Underground cable weight | 21 kg per metre |
| Total undergound cable weight | around 380 tons |
| Number of new pylons | 14 |
| Number of dismantled pylons | 19 |
| Height of the pylons | 47 to 80 metres (pylon 34, 35, 36 in Villnachern) |
| Builder | Swissgrid Ltd |
| Site management | Gähler und Partner AG |
| General civil engineering contractor | ERNE AG Bauunternehmung |
| Cable supplier | Brugg Cables |
In parallel with the laying of the underground cable, the new sections of overhead line (5.2 kilometres in total), will be constructed. These connect the underground portion at «Gäbihübel» to the route of the existing overhead line. For this purpose, a total of ten new pylons will be constructed between pylon 20 at Rüfenach and the northern transition structure. Four new pylons will be constructed between the southern transition structure and pylon 237 at Habsburg. When planning the new overhead lines, Swissgrid attempted to find solutions that disturb the landscape as little as possible.
The current 220 kV overhead line runs between Rüfenach and Habsburg, in part directly over the residential area (Neu-Riniken) or in its immediate vicinity (Hafen in the municipality of Bözberg). After the new line is commissioned, this overhead line is expected to be dismantled by the end of 2020. This will noticeably relieve the burden on the residential areas.
Construction work at Gäbihübel officially began with the ground-breaking ceremony on 23 August 2018. The construction of transition structures, the conduit block and overhead line connections was completed in mid-2020. The new extra-high voltage line has been in service ever since. The dismantling of the existing overhead line will be completed by the end of 2020.
Initial plans to increase the voltage of the Beznau – Birr line to 380 kilovolts go back to the 1980s. In 1996 most of the overhead line sections were approved and built. In 2011, the Federal Supreme Court decided that a partial cabling project was to be developed at «Gäbihübel». In 2013, Swissgrid, now responsible for the transmission network, submitted a partial cabling project to the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE). In July 2016, it gave the green light.
Up to the completion of the planning approval procedure in 2016, the project was supervised by a project advisory council. The following persons were members:
| Municipality of Bözberg | Heinz Dätwyler, Municipal Councillor |
| City of Brugg | Daniel Moser, Chairman of the Municipality |
| Municipality of Riniken | Daniel Obrist, Vice-Chairman of the Municipality |
| Municipality of Villnachern | Christoph Kamber, Municipal Councillor |
| Birdlife Aargau | Max Gasser |
| Pro Natura Aargau | Dr. Johannes Jenny |
| WWF Aargau | Tonja Zürcher |
| AKUT | Andreas Brack |
| Landowner, Bözberg | Markus Kreis |
Swissgrid will implement the most landscape-friendly line route possible when constructing the Gäbihübel partial underground cabling. Different versions and combinations of the cable route, locations of the transitional structures and the overhead line connections were reviewed. For example, the original position of the northern transitional structure was optimised so that it is concealed by the forest wherever possible. The overhead line connections are sympathetic to the landscape by blending in with the forest skyline.
An underground line causes electric and magnetic fields just like an overhead line. While electric fields are intercepted by the shielding in the cable, magnetic fields are generated externally. The spatial expansion of the magnetic fields is lower than for overhead lines, but the strength directly over the underground cable is much higher than under an overhead line. The limit of 1 microtesla is complied with from a distance of 6 – 8 metres to the line axis of the underground cable, while the corresponding distance for the overhead line is about 60 – 80 metres.
The «Gäbihübel» partial underground cabling project will allow important knowledge to be gained on the underground cabling of extra-high-voltage lines. Swissgrid is therefore developing a scientific programme in consultation with the competent authorities and departments. The aim is to check the assumptions that were made for the dimensioning of the underground line and involves recording the underground line's impact on the soil. A comparison of the measurements with the calculations allows conclusions to be drawn about the reliability of the assumptions made.
In particular, the following points will be analysed during operation:
Permanent forest clearance (about 4,000 m²) was carried out for the northern transitional structure, opposite the garage on Bözbergstrasse as well as for the pylon locations. Temporary forest clearance was executed at the location for the northern transitional structure and for the pylon construction sites in the forest (about 17,000 m²). The forestry work was carried out in early 2018. The reforestation activities for the permanent forest clearance areas will take place in Linn, in the municipality of Bözberg, and in the areas in which pylons are removed. In Riniken, deforestation activities are necessary along the line route, since the overhead line is kept low. Small trees and shrubs will regrow in this area (maximum height of 12 m). In Villnachern, the conductors cross the riverside forest.
Impressions
